Welcome to BSCSUS.com. My YouTube channel: "BSCSUS". Sharing my journey here while pursuing Bachelor-of-Science in Computer-Science: Software-Engineering and Cyber-Security (double major, accelerated) in the United-States, from Aug. 2021 to Jul. 2024. Am self-learning Engineering, Manufacturing, Mechatronics, Robotics etc. Have 1 Medical and 2 Business degrees.
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Why this blog? What's it about? What's the format?
FORMAT For Fall 2021, the focus is mainly on Python, C++, and Digital Hardware There are videos here from other sources / creators There are...
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Thursday, December 23, 2021
Thursday, September 30, 2021
Eat, Sleep, Code / Learn to Code, Repeat !
Image credit: R. Sandos. From the link:
This is my life right now!
Eat, Sleep, Code / Learn to Code, Repeat !
My ambition is to start several multi-million Apps, projects, ventures and companies. I already have a registered corporation that is still a baby. When you apply technology to business, medicine, retail, law, governance, supply chain, logistics, politics, and so on, the confluence creates magic !
Cheers,
Jerry
Monday, September 27, 2021
What is a Programming Language? History, Basics, Intro etc. from a few sources...
INTRODUCTION
Check out this awesome video from Study.com at this link:
From the link of Codecademy:
“Put simply, programming is giving a set of instructions to a computer to execute. If you’ve ever cooked using a recipe before, you can think of yourself as the computer and the recipe’s author as a programmer. The recipe author provides you with a set of instructions which you read and then follow. The more complex the instructions, the more complex the result!”Programming languages are the tools we use to write instructions for computers to follow.
Low-Level vs. High-Level Programming Languages
Programming languages fall into two different classifications - Low-level and High-level.
Low-level programming languages are closer to machine code, or binary. Therefore, they’re more difficult for humans to read (although they’re still easier to understand than 1s and 0s). The benefit of low-level languages is that they’re fast and offer precise control over how the computer will function.
High-level programming languages are closer to how humans communicate. High-level languages use words (like object, order, run, class, request, etc.) that are closer to the words we use in our everyday lives. This means they’re easier to program in than low-level programming languages, although they do take more time to translate into machine code for the computer.
As computers have become more powerful, the difference in runtime between low-level and high-level programming languages is often only milliseconds. As a result, high-level languages do the trick in most scenarios.
Most popular programming languages
There are tons of programming languages out there that allow you to do all sorts of things, from building virtual reality experiences to creating video games and more. There’s even a programming language that consists entirely of emojis!
In this section, we’ll break down some of the most popular programming languages — and what they’re used for. GitHub’s PYPL Index ranks programming languages according to how often tutorials are searched on Google.
Python: Python is a versatile, general-purpose programming language. It can be used in a variety of fields from data science and machine learning to web development and is a great first language to learn.
Java: Another language that’s great when you’re starting out, Java can be used for many things, including mobile applications, software development, and large systems development. AP Computer Science is currently taught in Java.
JavaScript: JavaScript is a front-end and back-end friendly language that enables web applications, game development, and mobile applications.
C#: C#, Microsoft’s popular programming language, can be used for a wide variety of applications, including game development, enterprise software, video games, mobile apps, and more.
C++: C++ is one of the most powerful programming languages and is used in a wide range of industries, including VR, software and game development, robotics, and scientific computing.
PHP: PHP is a widely-used server-side language. It’s a great choice if you’re interested in building dynamic web applications and works well with databases and HTML.
R: R is a statistical programming language that’s popular among data scientists. It’s used for answering questions with data analysis and creating data visualizations..
Swift: Swift is Apple’s programming language and is a must if you plan to develop applications for iOS and MacOS.
Kotlin: Kotlin is an open-source programming language developed by JetBrains. It’s popular for web development, Android development, and more.
From the link:
Most programming languages consist of instructions for computers. There are programmable machines that use a set of specific instructions, rather than general programming languages.
The description of a programming language is usually split into the two components of syntax (form) and semantics (meaning).
Programming language theory is a subfield of computer science that deals with the design, implementation, analysis, characterization, and classification of programming languages.
- The first major languages and
- The second major languages, which are in use today.
In 1945, John Von Neumann was working at the Institute for Advanced Study. He developed two important concepts that directly affected the path of computer programming languages.
(2) The second concept was also extremely important to the development of programming languages. Von Neumann called it “conditional control transfer” (www.softlord.com). This idea gave rise to the notion of subroutines, or small blocks of code that could be jumped to in any order, instead of a single set of chronologically ordered steps for the computer to take. The second part of the idea stated that computer code should be able to branch based on logical statements such as IF (expression) THEN, and looped such as with a FOR statement. “Conditional control transfer” gave rise to the idea of “libraries,” which are blocks of code that can be reused over and over.
In 1949, a few years after Von Neumann’s work, the language Short Code appeared (www.byte.com). It was the first computer language for electronic devices and it required the programmer to change its statements into 0’s and 1’s by hand. Still, it was the first step towards the complex languages of today.
In 1957, the first of the major languages appeared in the form of FORTRAN. Its name stands for FORmula TRANslating system. The language was designed at IBM for scientific computing. The components were very simple, and provided the programmer with low-level access to the computers innards. Today, this language would be considered restrictive as it only included IF, DO, and GOTO statements, but at the time, these commands were a big step forward. The basic types of data in use today got their start in FORTRAN, these included logical variables (TRUE or FALSE), and integer, real, and double-precision numbers.
Though FORTAN was good at handling numbers, it was not so good at handling input and output, which mattered most to business computing.
In 1958, John McCarthy of MIT created the LISt Processing (or LISP) language. It was designed for Artificial Intelligence (AI) research. Because it was designed for a specialized field, the original release of LISP had a unique syntax: essentially none. Programmers wrote code in parse trees, which are usually a compiler-generated intermediary between higher syntax (such as in C or Java) and lower-level code. Another obvious difference between this language (in original form) and other languages is that the basic and only type of data is the list; in the mid-1960’s, LISP acquired other data types. A LISP list is denoted by a sequence of items enclosed by parentheses.
Pascal was begun in 1968 by Niklaus Wirth. Its development was mainly out of necessity for a good teaching tool. In the beginning, the language designers had no hopes for it to enjoy widespread adoption. Instead, they concentrated on developing good tools for teaching such as a debugger and editing system and support for common early microprocessor machines which were in use in teaching institutions.
Pascal was designed in a very orderly approach, it combined many of the best features of the languages in use at the time, COBOL, FORTRAN, and ALGOL.
C Language was developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie while working at Bell Labs in New Jersey.
Ritchie developed C for the new Unix system being created at the same time. Because of this, C and Unix go hand in hand.
In the late 1970’s and early 1980’s, a new programing method was being developed. It was known as Object Oriented Programming, or OOP.
C++ was designed to organize the raw power of C using OOP, but maintain the speed of C and be able to run on many different types of computers.
In the early 1990’s, interactive TV was the technology of the future.
Though Java has very lofty goals and is a text-book example of a good language, it may be the “language that wasn’t.”
Visual Basic is often taught as a first programming language today as it is based on the BASIC language developed in 1964 by John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz.
Microsoft has extended BASIC in its Visual Basic (VB) product.
Perl has often been described as the “duct tape of the Internet,” because it is most often used as the engine for a web interface or in scripts that modify configuration files. It has very strong text matching functions which make it ideal for these tasks. Perl was developed by Larry Wall in 1987 because the Unix sed and awk tools (used for text manipulation) were no longer strong enough to support his needs. Depending on whom you ask, Perl stands for Practical Extraction and Reporting Language or Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister.
Programming languages have been under development for years and will remain so for many years to come.
- They got their start with a list of steps to wire a computer to perform a task.
- These steps eventually found their way into software and began to acquire newer and better features.
- The first major languages were characterized by the simple fact that they were intended for one purpose and one purpose only,
- However, the languages of today are differentiated by the way they are programmed in, as they can be used for almost any purpose.
The basic components of a computer are:
- Input unit
- Central Processing Unit(CPU)
- Output unit
- Memory unit
- Control unit
- Arithmetic Logic unit
- Software is a set of programs that performs multiple tasks together.
- An operating system is also software (system software) that helps humans to interact with the computer system
The piece of code given below performs a basic task of printing “hello world! I am learning programming” on the console screen. We must know that keyboard, scanner, mouse, microphone, etc are various examples of input devices, and monitor(console screen), printer, speaker, etc are examples of output devices.
Between high-level language and machine language, there are assembly languages also called symbolic machine code.
Characteristics of a programming Language:
- A programming language must be simple, easy to learn and use, have good readability, and be human recognizable
- Abstraction is a must-have Characteristics for a programming language in which the ability to define the complex structure and then its degree of usability comes
- A portable programming language is always preferred
- Programming language’s efficiency must be high so that it can be easily converted into a machine code and executed consumes little space in memory
- A programming language should be well structured and documented so that it is suitable for application development
- Necessary tools for the development, debugging, testing, maintenance of a program must be provided by a programming language
- A programming language should provide a single environment known as Integrated Development Environment(IDE)
- A programming language must be consistent in terms of syntax and semantics
- C
- Python
- C++
- Java
- SCALA
- C#
- R
- Ruby
- Go
- Swift
- JavaScript
- C
- Python
- C++
- C#
- R
- Ruby
- COBOL
- ADA
- Java
- Fortran
- BASIC
- Altair BASIC
- True BASIC
- Visual BASIC
- GW BASIC
- QBASIC
- PureBASIC
- PASCAL
- Turbo Pascal
- GO
- ALGOL
- LISP
- SCALA
- Swift
- Rust
- Prolog
- Reia
- Racket
- Scheme
- Shimula
- Perl
- PHP
- Java Script
- CoffeeScript
- VisualFoxPro
- Babel
- Logo
- Lua
- Smalltalk
- Matlab F F#
- Dart
- Datalog
- dbase
- Haskell
- dylan
- Julia
- ksh
- metro
- Mumps
- Nim
- OCaml
- pick
- TCL
- D
- CPL
- Curry
- ActionScript
- Erlang
- Clojure
- DarkBASCIC
- Assembly
- HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE -->
- ASSEMBLEY LANGUAGE -->
- MACHINE LANGUAGE -->
- COMPUTER HARDWARE
Sunday, September 26, 2021
Friday, September 24, 2021
Practice Coding on ProgramIZ.com and Edabit.com
It helps to practice coding as much as possible. That is the best way to learn.
I have used ProgramIZ.com already, as below.
Another website that one I came across is Edabit.com as below.